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发信人: motorwang(scattered meteors), 信区: EnglishTest
标  题: [机经]3.11 大连(zz from gter)
发信站: 饮水思源 (2004年03月11日23:57:18 星期四), 站内信件

声明:以下是我的原创,发表在寄托与飞越重洋两大网站(排名不分先后)。
考完了,却发现根本没有想象中的兴奋,相反却十分坦然,心静如水。
一. 机经
题目issue:现在well-beings和其他国家关系很大,另一个只能记住一个单词artistic(
原来不相信同学的记忆里那么差,连题目都记不清,现在果真如此)
我的同学考的是传媒与旅游。
Argument:建议取消music programs那道。我的同学是加拿大的熊一题。请大家原谅我没
有提供题号,因为我感觉有点写跑题,实在不敢再碰那些资料了,请大家自己看一下。
终于轮到自己写机经了,早晨5点就醒了,心开始跳。坐出租车,居然走错了一段路,但
我告诉自己这麻烦事会带走自己的霉运。
辽宁师范不让外人进,但如果想提前去看看考场的话可以在早晨人多的时候混进去,如
果你有师范的同学结下学生证也可以进去,听说还有一个侧门,但不知道是哪里,如果
和那里的同学打听一下应该能知道。门卫居然叫我去南区,幸亏我来过。进了北门一只
向上走,走过很远后,向左拐一点,在向上走,有两幢白楼,左边那幢,一楼左拐就是
。早晨的考生7:30就可以进了,我去的时候们觉得们没开,8点还等人呢,以后取得同
学可以早点,早进早考。回来的时候,如果是大工或者化物所的同学可以坐715,到和平
广场再换406。
说说我走的弯路,我一共用了2个月,但现在回想起来,并非我能力不行,而是没用到点
子上。我懒得看英语,就到处找汉语,结果小聪明还了我,最后看得还是英语提纲,我
没看提纲,开始准备的时候,每篇作文都用汉语写满一篇笔记本的纸,这个方法错了,
即使你写十遍,也不会完全记住,而且写的英文和汉语是两码事。到最后我只要想到有
几点就行了。而且,我总是力图把每一道题都想好,现在看来大可不必,我最后的一些
日子,把老题看了2,3遍,但是无论多难,我都仔细思考过现实证明是可行的,果真第
一道题就是老题,我看看第二题,没有思路,索性选了第一道。估计最少有600,issue
我觉得话太多了,中间分了4段,我的目标只是450,但是坐在屏幕前,该网的都忘了,
不该忘得也都忘了,(自己在路上居然能想起好多)于是只好说大白话,但我的要求不
是很高,能清楚表达自己的观点就可以了。
所以对还有10天左右复习时间的同学,建议只看老题就可以了,120左右不是很多,而且
机经里的题大概都是次范围内,我自己又再次验证了这一点。之所以我没看机经,使我
的同学说他的考题,机经里没有,但是我一看,也是老题的。仅个人意见,大家都是写A
的,有理由抨击我。

二. 感受。感谢老爸老妈给与我支持,总是安慰我说就去试一试好了,老妈还对我说不
希望我出去,我都推2次了,每次她都不在乎钱。感谢对我祝福的人,感谢曾经帮助过我
的人。感谢寄托与飞越重洋两大网站(排名不分先后。),我是在这里成长的,感谢imo
ng与feiba对网站的建设。在你们面前我感觉自己很渺小。真是很感激,有人不为所得来
无私的奉献。这些网站都是非盈利的。真正体会到了那句话:“能坚持下来的都是英雄
。”感觉压力很大。同学们都开始考研了。选择的另一层意思就是放弃,当你选择一样
东西的时候,意味着同时必将放弃另一样。回想起来,两年来一直在坚持,刚来大学就
开始在背四级词汇,放弃了无数的假期。大一时,有一天早晨起来右手不能抬起来了,
医生诊断是挠神经麻痹,谁叫压的,因为床的草甸子不平,我难受就侧着睡,把手压得
不过血了。整整一个月没有上课。在那时,我在想只要我的右手能恢复就好,什么房子
汽车美女,我都不想要,我只想要我的右手。每天去挂吊瓶,做理疗,扎针灸,还要往
胳膊里扎要,很痛。现在回想起来,那么艰难的岁月都过去了,没有理由过不了GRE.然
后是补课程,还好,成绩还可以,暑假我又学习,学校可以二次考试,如果觉得第一次
不理想可以再考,我的成绩又好了一些,同时把6级词汇也背了。然后寒假去学新东方,
虽然我一直和同学说,如果说知识去新东方不会有太多的收获,但我要说没收获的话,
说明我太极端,只有去过才能明白。大年初三的夜里,外边的鞭炮声音很大,可是来自
全国各地的G友,为了同一个理想,每个人都捧着本红宝书在背,没有人说话,而且教室
里的人是满的,每当回想起这个场面我都很受鼓舞,这就是东方能带给你的一些人生感
悟。那些日子,在东方每天中午下课都会给一个女生打电话,听到她的声音是我最大的
幸福,真的很喜欢很喜欢她,在颐和园打电话问她喜欢什么颜色,然后跑到王府井整整
跑了两个小时,(那几天放假,不是我逃课)只为能买到一条粉颜色丝巾(但没等我送
给她,她已经有男朋友了)甚至想将来毕业后就去她家乡。知道她不喜欢我,但我一直
不懂,为什么我请她吃饭她不会拒绝,问她家的电话也会告诉我,她过生日送给她礼物
她也会要,我们都在大连念书,但她路过沈阳没有到大连的票的时候,我去为她和她的
同学买票,安排她们吃饭,但竟然没有听说过一声谢谢,开学好多天那些钱也没说还,
我做是很讲原则的,我认为这是另外一回事,是做人的问题,但我也没有提过(这一点
让我很鄙视)。回大连的车上,我坐在她身边,尽管她不喜欢我,但我感觉自己很快乐
,其实人生很多努力,很多奋斗都是为了有一天能够快乐,但如果能像那样我宁愿平庸
,然后去感受生活的乐趣。本来打算追到自己有一天没有感觉为止,但我没等到那一天
,她接受了另外一个男生,虽然现在如此云淡风清。有时我想是不是自己某些方面太缺
陷了,但我会感谢另外一个女生我不喜欢的女生,因为我知道她喜欢我,我安慰自己说
我还过得去(这种安慰是不是有点太卑鄙了?)。当每想起那段真正喜欢一个女孩子的
日子,总觉得很令人回味(或许这样一个女生不值得我去喜欢)。但我总和别人说的一
句话是:“老杜始终相信自己优秀,不同的是会有人比我更优秀。”这句话也一直支持
着我的每个选择与坚持。
三. 反省与自责
我先要说一句话,就是我以下说的这些人里也包括我。无论在那个网站上,总会看到有
人抱怨,为什么没有人回答问题,为什么没有人帮忙改作文,甚至抨击与讽刺。这些人
有没有想过,自己是否帮助过他人。帖子被看过很多次,可是发帖子的人却没有几个。
就拿大连来说,我不相信有很少的人来考,光我今天算我而且是一上午就有5,6个,可
是大连的机经有过多少呢?我就不相信,这些人全都靠自己而不上网,如果上网,在享
受他人的信息的同时,为什么很少提供自己的信息呢?东方的曲建民曾说:“当一个人
面对自己的时候是赤裸裸的。”每当我扪心自问的时候,如果我发现曾对不起自己的良
心的时候,我都回自责。德国一战二战都趴下去了,却可以很快又站起来,日本战败了
,也可以迅速变的强大,当然不排除其他的因素,可是一个民族的精神是这个民族的灵
魂,战后很多德国的科学家放弃更高的薪水回到德国发展祖国,日本在以前也很穷,可
是全民都省吃俭用来造几艘船,使他们的海军更强大。如果我们抱着这样一点点小心眼
,怕别人赶超了自己或是什么原因而不愿帮助他人,这便成为一种风气,一种影响祖国
昌盛,影响国民素质的风气。昨天看到有人写机经,里边还感谢我,我真的很惭愧,我
上网一直都是隐身的,怕与别人聊天,尽管分享过一些东西给我的G友,也改过一些文章
,但我从没感觉做过什么真正出于意愿帮助他人的事情,改文章也只是为了自己能有所
收获,而且盖了没有多少就不改了,我发现很浪费时间,我又没有多少时间。所以,除
了惭愧,还有深深的自责,但每逢想起我曾经帮助过一点点别人,发过一些帖子,我的
心里还能安慰一点,因为我的心还没有烂掉。祝福G友们都考试顺利,都能出去,也希望
你们都能学成回国效劳祖国。希望有一天,我们的祖国能强大起来,让汉语水平考试遍
落全世界,考美国的学生“回”字有哪四种写法,让他们背一段长恨歌,琵琶行,让他
们引用中国的历史,引用梁启超,孙中山,毛泽东,引用秋收起义,三大战役,而不再
是华盛顿,林肯,废奴运动。我深深祝福我伟大的祖国!

我的资料都是前人的,但有一些东西是自己的一下就是,希望能奉献出我的一点点,使
大家哪怕感觉一点点的收获就是我最大的满足于喜悦。从今天起,我就离开作文版了,
再次对帮助过我和帮助过别人的人表示感谢!

鞠躬!

一下使我总结的单词,包括一小部分他人的,不希望任何人能记住我的姓名,只希望在
你们下载后,在所得之后,能给后人留下点什么,来慰藉自己的良心!
如果我以上的话引起某些人的反感,请你们以自己博大的胸怀来容纳我的无知之言!

以下是我总结的issue词汇,是前人没有的,有一小部分是他人的,不希望有谁来记住我
的姓名,只希望在你们索取的时候能想到为后人留下一点什么来慰藉自己的心灵。
1. commitment, obligation, responsibility
2. Regarding such two-edged sword of global networks, certain stipulation 
should be laid to ensure the conductive aspects while inhibiting its 
negative ones.
3. 特征attribute, feature, characteristic, trait
4. 约束stipulation,restriction, constraint
5. 教条主义dogmatism
6. 内涵implication,
7. slogan口号,标语
8. workload工作量
9. describe, report, document, depict
10. 故障malfunction, fault
11. 分辨differentiate, identify, distinguish
12. curiosity, curiousness
13. 行业vocation
14. David Ricardo的the Law of Comparative Advantage,
15. 促销sales promotion
16. 激烈的drastic, vehement, ardent
17. rob of抢劫pillage
18. 穷困的destitute, impoverished
19. 忠贞loyalty, allegiance
20. 衣锦还乡return home after getting fame or money
21. 电报telegraph
22. 附庸风雅mingle with men of knowledge and pose as a lover of culture
23. 探索explore
24. pertinency n.有关性, 相关性, 针对性
25. accountable应负责的,有责任的
26. relativity, pertinency
27. hamper, hinder, impede
28. Iraqi weapons of mass destruction 伊拉克大规模杀伤性武器 
前几天的凯利之死又一个词sexed up 
前一段时间因此布莱尔支持率一直下跌

29. 门外汉layman
30. 固执adamant, 
31. reciprocal互惠的
32. 邪说heresy
33. a science odyssey
34. 封建制度feudality, feudalization
35. 坚忍tenacity,
36. 暴君tyrant, despot
37. 度量衡metrology, weights and measures
38. 对手opponent, rival, adversary
39. 统一consolidate, unify
40. 犹太人Jew
41. 高傲的prideful, insolent
42. 奠基人founder
43. 改善,改进ameliorate
44. 标本specimen
45. 闭关自守close the country to international intercourse
46. 闭关自守的introverted
47. 自发的spontaneous
48. instead of adv.代替, 而不是...
49. 和平主义pacifism
50. 华盛顿Washington
51. 隔阂gulf,
52. 煤coal
53. 民族,国籍nationality
54. 善良goodness
55. 装饰decorate, ornament
56. 善良的virtuous
57. 利用take advantage of 
58. 毕业典礼commencement
59. 仁慈mercy, merciful
60. 爱国心patriotism
61. 舒适comfort, 
62. 延长prolong, delay, postpone
63. 唯心论immaterialism
64. 古老的文明archaic civilization
65. 财产property, 
66. 措施measure
67. 糟粕dreg, scum
68. 精华elite, pith
69. 神话mythology
70. 真理gospel, truth
71. 检验verify
72. 自主的independent
73. 解释explain, make clear, elucidate, 
74. 敏捷agility, celerity
75. 言辞verbalism
76. 传单fly sheet
77. 落后的behindhand, uncultured,
78. 诞生naissance
79. 西斯廷教堂Sistine Chapel fresco on 
80. 源远流长of long standing
81. bombardment, onslaught
82. programming n.规划, 设计
83. 辨明identification
84. 谦虚condescension, humility
85. dominate, control, govern
86. outsize floodwater,(deluge), inundation, flood
87. drawback
88. 捍卫champion
89. 伊斯兰的Islamic
90. 印度教Hinduism
91. retrench, save节省
92. deliberate深思熟虑的
93. 战争残酷ferocious
94. 令人憎恶的abominable
95. 邪恶的evil, wicked
96. 火星Mars
97. 善意goodwill
98. 旅途journey, trip
99. 善意的well-meaning
100. 一夫一妻制monogamy
101. 监禁immure
102. 改革家reformer
103. 疗效curative effect
104. 淘汰wash out, 
105. 荒谬的paradoxical
106. 即便要if any
107. 无私selflessness, altruism, altruistic无私的self-giving
108. 道德moral, morality, ethic
109. 拜年pay a New Year call
110. 鼻祖originator
111. 孟子Mencius
112. 孟德尔遗传定律Mendel’s law
113. 教徒follower of a religion
114. 刚愎的headstrong
115. 牛cattle
116. 宽容allowance, tolerance
117. people need contemplation and ratiocination in determining significant 
issues
118. ratiocinative
119. osmosis n.渗透(作用), 渗透性
120. run against, 撞上, 偶遇, 违反
121. assimilate, take in, absorb, digest v.吸收
122. 危机conjuncture, crisis
123. 笼罩vesture
124. restrict, confine, restrain
125. stability and prosperity of society
126. cognitive adj.认知的, 认识的, 有感知的
127. 有益的salutary, wholesome, beneficial->benefitial
128. macroscopical adj.肉眼可见的, 宏观的
129. accelerate, advance, promote
130. 文艺复兴 renaissance
131. 共鸣resonance, reverberation
132. as for, in so far as adv.至于
133. 世俗的mundane
134. 起源,出处provenance, origin, source
135. 反动的萌芽burgeons of reactionary ideas or inclination of terrorism
136. 解除unchain, release, liberate, unfetter, unshackle
137. inclination, tendency, 
138. 无政府状态anarchy, disorder
139. coordinate n.同等者, 同等物, 坐标(用复数)
140. 互补complementary, 补充supplement, complementarity
141. 姑息appease 纵容connive
142. malversation n.(政府机关等的)腐败行为, 渎职, 贪污, 盗用
143. 受贿bribery, 
144. 腐败depravity, corruption
145. 正直probity
146. 恶化degeneration, deteriorate
147. 踌躇vacillation
148. in so far as adv. 至于, 就...
149. 在相反的意见前面,会发现价值,玻尔(Bohr)。以他为代表的哥本哈根(Copenhage
n)学派与爱因斯坦的激烈辩论成就了量子力学(quantum mechanics)
150. withstand抵挡, 经受住, survive, 
151. of long standing多年的, 长久的, 由来已久的
152. royal, royalty
153. loyalty, allegiance
154. orientation, direction
155. 事务business, affair, matter, stuff(口语化)
156. 在美国不谈搞就业率,而是低失业率the unemployment rate is low
157. 推动compel, oblige, force, coerce
158. empirical 经验的pragmatic注重实效的experimental根据经验的
159. worship崇拜n. v.------respect, admire, revere
160. perpetual, eternal,permanent
161. imperishable, immortal adj.不灭的, 不朽的
162. more often than not时常
163. inspire, enlighten, motivate, arouse 
164. ignite sparks of
165. know==be aware of, be familiar with
166. 结果consequence, outcome, result, conclusion, termination, finale, 
aftereffect贬, aftermath贬,
167. 可鄙的contemptible, disgraceful,disreputable,
168. recognize, identify,distinguish
169. friendship, companionship, 
170. 摘要summarization, summary
171. knowledge, lore, episteme
172. elicit, extract
173. eliminate, get rid of, remove, eradicate, do away with v.废除, 弄死
174. 敏捷agility, celerity, dexterity,
175. 一般而言in general , on the whole adv.大体上, 基本上
176. codes and regulations规范与条例[标准]
177. 事与愿违things go contrary to one's wishes
178. in arms 武装起来
179. counterproductive, 
180. immensity, magnitude, enormity, enormous
181. originality, creativity, creation,
182. 使窒息stifle, suppress
183. block the way to
184. 谦虚 condescension, humility, humanity(human+ity仁慈)
185. persuade, convince, 
186. austere, rigorous,
187. dissention, disagreement, divergence
188. faction, party,
189. meticulous, scrupulous
190. celebration, 
191. 虚心的open-minded
192. scrutiny, inspection, examination, 
193. the public, the populace, the general public
194. essentially, 
195. impact, collision, 
196. plan, schedule, arrange, 
197. probability, 
198. 用公式表示, 明确地表达formulate,illuminate(说明), illustrate
199. conventional, traditional, customary , custom
200. one------oneself


201. be subdued to, submit to, 
202. 期间meanwhile ad.
203. as for, 至于
204. in fact, in reality,as a matter of fact
205. interpretation, explanation, elucidation, 
206. be superior to, exceed, be better than
207. inspire, arose, instigate, 
208. be subject to v.受支配, 从属于, 可以...的, 常遭受...
209. ordinary, common, normal
210. instead, as an alternative, as a replacement for, 
211. participation, involvement, 
212. eminent, prominent, distinguished, famous, renowned, 
213. steadfastly, persistently, 
214. realm, kingdom, dominion, territory, 
215. in the long run, 
216. sooner or later(迟早), more or less
217. ultimately, eventually, 
218. in front of, in advance of, 
219. in advance
220. accept, acknowledge, concede, admit, 
221. comfortable, relaxed, peaceful
222. maximization, maximum, highest, utmost,
223. be good at, be cut out for, have a gift for
224. practical, realistic
225. swarm to, crowd
226. be aware of, have knowledge of, know about, be familiar with
227. confront, 
228. efficient, effective, proficient, 
229. tend to, be inclined to, be likely to, have a tendency to,
230. condescension, 谦虚
231. preoccupation, fixation, 
232. commercial, 
233. transformation, reformation, renovation, innovation
234. vitality, vigorous, energy, enthusiastic, enthusiasm
235. despotism, tyranny, autocracy, despotic, despot
236. in relation to, with regard to, about, concerning, on the subject of
237. 鉴定,识别recognition, identification, 
238. gauge, measure, estimate, judge, appraise
239. 不成熟的immature
240. 一个哲学家说的, if we compare the known part of the world as the 
space within a circle, and the unknown part as the space outside it, the 
more we acquire, the more the unknown part that we can contact
241. now that
242. 空前的unprecedented-------------unparalleled
243. 肤浅superficial, shallow, on the surface
244. make good use of
245. meet the needs of 
246. transitory, transient, momentary
247. bring them big money
248. the invention of new products
249. 照搬copy
250. 照本宣科repeat what the book says
251. 踏实的steadfast, surefooted
252. Suppose you work in a big factory. 
253. be cut out for适合担任
254. ministry of finance n.财政部
255. 摄影photograph
256. upgrade, improve, advance, promote
257. 公开化into the open
258. 隐瞒keep back
259. 巧妙地ably, dexterously
260. 坦然calm, 
261. 实事求是 To be practical and realistic
262. 社会地位caste, condition, social class
263. 风土natural conditions and social customs of a place
264. face to face, opposite
265. 脱离deviate, diverge, break away
266. 传统的conventional, traditional, customary
267. 深刻的profound, 
268. insightful
269. ritual, ceremony
270. 国防national defense
271. offer, provide, give, present
272. 人文主义humanism;人文学科humanities
273. 美食cate
274. 学籍one's status as a student
275. 纪念品memento
276. 身临其境be personally on the scene
277. 快捷shortcut
278. 危机conjuncture, crisis
279. 清醒clear-headed, sober
280. 正视envisage
281. creationary adj.创造性的
282. 吸收absorb, assimilate
283. 营养nutrition, nourishment
284. in terms of 在---方面
285. inaccessible
286. 经历,遭受undergo, 
287. The annual worth of年产值
288. frustrated
289. GDP==gross domestic procuct
290. firm, consistent, and rational self-confidence
291. Anthropologists
292. evaluate, appraise
293. perpetuate
294. a fascinating chain of events一连串的迷人事件
295. all economically important plants所有的经济作物
296. postulate
297. Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo. 
298. 弥补make up, remedy
299. dinosaur
300. 通货膨胀inflation
301. universally, generally, commonly
302. in the long run, for a long time
303. a profit-making organization
巨大 greatness hugeness immensity largeness magnitude messiness vastness 
非常 very extraordinary greatly highly in the extreme special super 
谦虚 condescension humility 自以为是的 self-righteous smug stuffy 
激进 radicalness 保守的 conservative backward-looking old-fashioned 
Biedermeier
304. Mutually exclusive. 
305. 永恒的eternal, everlasting, 
306. irreconcilable, incompatible, 
307. disintegration
308. mirror, reflect
309. surmise, suspect
310. champion
311. inspire, incite
312. appreciate and adore
313. pay attention to, give one’s attention to, notion
314. magnitude, 
315. in accordance with adv.与...一致, 依照
316. Jonathan Livingstone, president and CEO of ?(公司简称,自己提前编写), 
a 
distinguished and well-known company in Massachusetts, illustrates this 
brilliantly in the following quotes (and I paragraph),"......" 这不是搞定一 
段了吗??? 
317. 种族主义和性别 racism and gender
318. 统计数字statistics 人口统计 demography(argument 中常用)
319. 物理学/家 physics / physicist 化学/家 chemistry/chemist 数学/家 
mathematics/mathematician 哲学/家 philosophy/philosopher 心理学/家 
psychology/psychologist 经济学/家 economy/economist 
320. 可用于对人的工作的积极性描述的词:: Productive. Effective, efficient 
,aggressive, diligent, industrious, painstaking
321. 催化剂 catalyst
322. 推动力impetus, impulse
323. 专制autarchy, despotism
324. 落后的behindhand, uncultured, 
325. 教育部ministry of education
326. 创新originality, creation, 
327. connection, association
328. 情人节Saint Valentine's Day, valentine's day
329. 使命assignment, mission
330. 逾越overstep, surpass, transcend
331. 有限的finite, restricted, limited 无限的infinite, limitless, 
boundless, spaceless
332. 潜力potential
333. 挖掘excavate, exhume, unearth
334. 危机conjuncture, crisis 危险jeopardy, peril, hazard, danger 灾难calamity
, catastrophe, disaster
335. 坚忍tenacity
336. 发挥exert, bring into play
337. 懒惰indolence, inertia(惯性), 
338. 某种程度上in some sense, to some extent
339. 缺点defect, deficiency, flaw
340. adapt, accommodate, 
341. 校长principal, president
342. 学者scholar, academician
343. 生育procreate, 
344. measure, step(cuo shi)
345. 当代的modern, contemporary
346. 实用性availability, 可行性feasibility
347. 利用make use of, utilize, take advantage of
348. 怀念yearn for sth. , yearn to do
349. 降临befall, fall, visit
350. co-worker, colleague
351. 合适appropriate, suitable, proper
352. new, fresh, original
353. 建议suggest, advise
354. objectionable, offensive or dangerous 
355. foul language
356. 接受 embrace, receive, accept, take in
357. 伟人giant, nonesuch--无以匹敌的人
nonpareil--无比杰出的人或物
sage/sapience--智者
celebrity--名人
luminary--名人,杰出人物
elite--精英,杰出人物
358. 模范paragon, exemplar, model
359. 分别地respectively
360. 为了in order to, in the sake of 
361. 勇气mettle, courage, 
362. rectify校正
363. be better off v.境况好
364. with respect to, regarding, concerning关于, 至于
365. indisputably adv.无争论余地地
366. 求同存异的官方译法是seek common ground while shelving differences。
367. In the final analysis总之, 最终仍是...,归根结底是
368. 许多an amount of, myriad, a great deal of
369. The optimal federal approach
370. 显要人物mogul,
371. 神秘的mysterious
372. 太阳系solar system, 银河系Milky Way galaxy
373. for purpose of为了什么原因
374. 局限localization
375. 现状status quo
376. persistent problems
377. in favor of赞同, 有利于
378. 很,非常 very, quite, extremely, greatly, heavily, highly, particularly
379. 堕落 degenerate, degeneration, depravity, degradation, degrade
380. 商人 businessman, businessmen, merchant 商品 commodity(community) 商业 
business, enterprise 
商业的/金融的 commercial, financial
381. 客观的 objective, external 主观的 subjective 乐观的 optimistic, 
affirmative 悲观的 pessimistic, gloomy 
382. 证实 corroborate, justify, verify, substantiate, confirm, 
383. 悲剧 tragedy 喜剧 comedy
384. 合作cooperate, collabarate
385. sign, symbol
386. around us---in society
387. require, demand , need
388. 修正modify, revise, correct, retouch
389. 表面的 superficial, ostensible 有深度的 deep, profound, insightful, 
far-reaching
390. 无限的 infinite, limitless, boundless, never-ending 有限的 finite, 
limited, restricted
391. 陈腐的 banal, hackneyed, stale
392. 过度的 excessive, exorbitant, 
393. 理论上的 theoretical, theoretical 实际的practical, realistic
394. 广度和深度 range and depth or width and depth
395. 相应的 corresponding, relevant
396. 领悟,理解 understand, comprehend, know, apprehend
397. 自动的 automatically 强制的 compulsorily
398. inhibit, impede
399. homogenization同质化,纯一化/ 
400. 偏好,喜好 interest, inclination, penchant, personal taste
401. 全面的 all-round, all-encompassing
402. 历史名城 New York of America London of England Paris of France Rome 
and Florence of Italy
403. 权威的 authoritative 史无前例的 unprecedented 
404. 推动 propel, impel, drive ahead, advance, promote 革新 innovation, 
reformation
405. 安排准备 arrangement, preparation
406. 从过去到现在 from the primitive style to the modern one 
407. 前提,先决条件 prerequisite, premise
408. 精心的 elaborate, complete, perfect
409. 宣传publicize->publisize
410. 形容音乐euphonious, 形容文学elegant, 形容精致elaborate
411. 刺激,激励 motivate, stimulate, impetus, incentive(a.), stimulant(n.) 启
发,阐明 inspire, illuminate 
例证 illustrate, demonstrate
412. 关于历史的作用: 遗产 legacy, heritage 精华 pith, marrow, elite 智慧 
wisdom, intelligence 
(一个很好的明言可用在这里) Every language, every culture is one of the 
pearls in a beautiful necklace.
413. 关于社会行为的: 犯罪 crime, commit a crime 犯罪率 crime rate 暴力 
violence 家庭暴力 family violence
偷窃 theft 谋杀 murder 诈骗 chicanery 友谊 companionship, friendship, 
friendliness, fellowship 
道德和伦理 moral value and ethics(ethic)
34 长处 advantage, strongpoint, merit 短处 disadvantage, deficiency, 
shortcoming
414. 损害,伤害 impair, harm, damage, injure, bring detrimental influence to 
sb.or sth.
415. 雄心 ambition 热情enthusiasm, ardor
416. 产生,发生 engender, produce, happen
417. 削减,除去 eradicate, eliminate
418. 不可避免的 unavoidable, undeniable, unarguable, inevitable, undoubted(常
用于argument)
419. 区别 distinction, discriminate sth, from, distinguish
420. 政权regime, potency, puissance
421. 统治者dominator, ruler, governor, 当权者potentate
422. 社会society, community
423. 稳定stabilization, tranquilization
424. 必要的necessary, need, essential, indispensable
425. 道德moral, morality, ethic
426. 标准criterion, standard, yardstick
427. 重要的significant, important, vital, crucial, momentous, 
428. 非常very, extraordinary, greatly, in the extreme
429. 人类human, human being, humanity, man, humankind
430. 谚语proverb, adage
431. 防止avoid, prevent, countercheck 
432. 流言蜚语scandal, tale
433. 民众demos, public, majority, general public, people, populace, the 
masses
434. 情况,局面complexion, situation, circumstance, instance
435. 有害的detrimental, deleterious, harmful, 
436. 假的artificial, fake, phony, supposititious
437. 抵抗resist, counteract, withstand, 
438. 游行parade, 示威运动manifestation
439. 放弃abandon, abnegate, discard, give up
440. 辞职abdicate, resign
441. 有用的useful, helpful, available
442. 威胁intimidate, cow, threaten, imperil
443. 垮台crumple, downfall(n.)
444. 降低debase, depress, reduce, recede(后退)
445. 虫insect, bug ---------腐蚀erode, corrupt
446. 抑制restrain, control, restrict
447. 欲望 desire, appetite
448. 影响influence, impact
449. 个人individual->indivisial
450. 承担take on, be charged with, commitment
451. 责任obligation, responsibility, duty, burden
452. 领导guidance
453. 幸福eudemonia
454. 迫害persecute, persecution
455. 不尊敬的irreverent, disrespect v.
456. 诬蔑stigmatize
457. 宝贵的valuable, precious
458. 托付recommend
459. 神圣的divine->devine, holy, sacred
460. 可信任的dependable, trusty
461. 受害人victim
462. 敬爱的honorific, respectable
463. 美德virtue, excellence
464. 补充 complementary v.+n., supplement v.+n., replenish
465. 冲突conflict, collision, clash
466. a science odyssey
467. 停滞stagnate, stagnancy, stasis, cease, 
468. 深化deepen
469. 相等的equivalent->equivalent ,equal
470. have good commend of 掌握, predominate
471. 听众,观众audience
472. 分发distribute, 
473. 有能力的,胜任的competent
474. 深思熟虑的deliberately
475. 才能,本领faculty
476. Credibility, quantity , sample, methodology(方法论), randomness, 
respond, representative, efficiency, performance, safety,
477. heterogeneous adj.不同种类的异类的
478. dubious adj.可疑的, 不确定的
479. 成本(COST),价格(PRICE),利润(PROFIT),工人的工资(PAY),素质(MAK
ING),
480. traffic n.交通
481. 培训费fee of training
482. 厂房workshop
483. suburb市郊, 郊区n.
484. 运费carriage, freight
485. degree程度, extent
486. 原材料raw and processed materials
487. 劳动力labor force,work force
488. 性别gender年龄age职业profession, vocation
489. 差异difference, distinction, dissimilarity
490. 忽略ignore, neglect, overlook
491. 性质character, property
492. 趋势trend
493. 反映reflect
494. 现状actuality, status in quo, status quo
495. 总量gross
496. 比率ratio, rate
497. 原因cause, reason, causation
498. 似是而非的specious
499. 经验experience
500. 表面现象superficies
501. 证明substantiate
502. 无根据,没有理由groundless
503. 说服的persuasive
504. 令人信服的convincing
505. concerning关于about
506. rule out划去, 排除, 取消
507. 评价evaluate, estimate, appraise
508. sufficient adj.充分的, 足够的
509. detailed adj.详细的, 逐条的
510. recommendation n.推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议
511. after all adv.毕竟
512. even though adv.即使
513. legitimacy n.合法(性), 正统(性), 正确(性), 合理(性)
514. 不同点dissimilarity
515. analogical ,similar adj.相似的, 类推的, 有相似之处的
516. deduction n.减除, 扣除, 减除额, 推论, 演绎
517. gratuitous adj.免费的, 无理由的
518. unwarranted adj.无根据的, 未获保证的, 无保证的, 未获承认的
519. unfaithful adj.不诚实的, 不忠实的, 不准确的
520. mutually adv.互相地, 互助
521. exclusive adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的, 独占的, 唯一的, 高级的
522. slim无价值的
523. rational, reasonable, optional
524. rule out v.划去, 排除, 取消
525. 理由justification
526. 日常生活quotidian life, daily life
527. fundamental adj.基础的, 基本的n.基本原则, 基本原理
528. presumptuous adj.专横的, 武断的
529. fallacious adj.谬误的,不合理的
530. confidently adv.信赖地, 安心地
531. mere仅仅的
532. crucial adj.至关紧要的
533. scenario n.想定
534. assurance n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保
535. randomly adv.随便地, 未加计划地
536. volunteer n.志愿者, 志愿兵adj.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的v.自愿
537. 放弃abandon, abnegate
538. 大家great master
539. elusive adj.难懂的, 难捉摸的, 易忘的
540. solitary adj.孤独的
541. 思维thinking, thought
542. 分工divide the work->devide
543. 任务assignment, mission, task, errand
544. preeminence n.卓越
545. 束缚bondage, restriction
546. 框框,restriction, frame
547. 高人一等a cut above others
548. routine例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序
549. 分配distribute, assign
550. perfection n.尽善尽美, 完美, 完成
551. constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束
552. sensibility n.敏感性
553. 记住批评家三大作用help us understand; give feedback; evaluate the 
works 
554. 苛刻的rigorous, trenchant
555. 势力force, weight
556. reciprocal adj.互惠的
557. inaccessibility n.不易接近, 难达到
558. incredible and ridiculous
559. 和谐harmonious, (用来形容社会,和家庭)harmonize, 
560. correspond v.协调
561. encumber v.阻碍
562. primarily adv.首先, 起初, 主要地, 根本上
563. 主要的main, primary
564. primary adj.第一位的, 主要的, 初步的, 初级的, 原来的, 根源的
565. 成果fruit, harvest, production
566. dispute v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等)n.争论, 辩论, 
争吵
567. occasion n.场合, 时机, 机会contingency
568. failure, collapse
569. 不适当的undue, inadequacy, Infelicity, unsuitablity 
570. 脱颖而出talent showing itself
571. malign恶性的v.诽谤adj.恶毒的
572. 预期的prospective, anticipative
573. 灰心的dejected
574. proficiency n.熟练, 精通, 熟练程度
575. a. practiced, proficient
576. 贵族aristocrat, noble
577. 影响influence, impact
578. aesthetic adj.美学的, 审美的, 有审美感的
579. appreciate vt.赏识, 鉴赏, 感激vi.增值, 涨价
580. cater to v.供应伙食, 迎合we need to cater to certain social convention 
since each of us 
act as an organic part of the whole social fabric.
581. religion n.宗教, 信仰 (belief)
582. 词汇correspond, harmonize
583. 多样性diversity, variety
584. UNESCO n.联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and 
Cultural Organizat
585. come down v.下来, 倒塌, 没落, 病倒, 捐钱, 流传下来, 垂下
586. 人道humanism
587. 嫌疑suspicion, disbelieve, discredit, be doubtful of
588. condign adj.相当的, 适宜的feasible
589. posture n.(身体的)姿势, 体态, 状态estate, state , 情况, 心境, 态度
590. prevalence n.流行
591. prevail vi.流行, 盛行, 获胜, 成功
592. deficiency缺乏, 不足
593. 去伪存真eliminate the false and retain the true
594. 保留reserve
595. 自私的asocial, self-serving, selfish
596. offish adj.冷漠的
597. 恶性的malign
598. allocate, assign vt.分派, 分配
599. 延续continue
600. 水质water quality
601. favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的, 讨人喜欢的, 起促进作用的
602. 喜爱的favorite, endearing
603. 积累accumulate
604. intensify, strengthen, enhance, reinforce, potentiate .加强
605. contradiction, conflict, inconsistency矛盾
606. regard n.关心, 注意, 尊敬, 尊重, 致意, 问候, 关系vt.看待, 当作, 重视, 尊
敬, 关系
607. 限制restrict, confine, circumscribe
608. 密度density
609. domain, territory , dominion n.领土, 领地, (活动、学问等的)范围, 领域
610. safeguard vt.维护, 保护, 捍卫n.安全装置, 安全措施
611. guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保
612. substance n.物质, 实质, 主旨
613. icebox n.冷藏库, 冰箱
614. vehement adj.
615. 激烈的, 猛烈的, (情感)热烈的
616. psychology n.心理学, 心理状态
617. 尊严sanctity, dignity, 
618. crystal adj.结晶状的n.水晶, 水晶饰品, 结晶, 晶体
619. predominant adj.卓越的transcendent, 
620. sufficient, abundant, wealthy adj.充分的, 足够的
621. solicitude 关怀,热心
622. solitude 孤独
623. bear oneself
624. 待人接物the ways one gets along with others
625. sense n.官能, 感觉, 判断力, 见识, ...感, 意义, 理性vt.感到, 理解, 认识
626. idolatrous adj.
627. 崇拜偶像的, 盲目崇拜的
628. abuse,lavish n.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂
629. 危难jeopardy, hazard
630. 置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to
631. impair, tamper, weaken v.削弱
632. tempest, turbulence n.骚乱, 动乱
633. 审慎的prudent, cautious
634. study out v.解决, 设计, 拟定
635. 勾心斗角intrigue against each other
636. intrigue n.阴谋, 诡计vi.密谋, 私通vt.激起...的兴趣, 用诡计取得
637. station, location, position n.位置
638. 借鉴use for reference
639. distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫
640. It is a lifelong process
641. 精力energy, vigor, stamina
642. sociology n.社会学archaeology n.考古学
643. 自满self-complacence, self-satisfaction, complacency
644. complacent adj.自满的, 得意的
645. allay vt. 减轻, 减少
646. stagnant, stasis adj.停滞的, 迟钝的
647. conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派
648. 懊丧dejected, depressed
649. remorse, regret n.懊悔, 自责, 同情, 怜悯
650. humble adj.卑下的, 微贱的, 谦逊的, 粗陋的
651. shortage n.不足, 缺乏
652. ego n.自我, 利已主义, 自负 egoism自我主义
653. stress, emphasize, accentuate强调
654. subjectivity n.主观性, 主观
655. 借鉴use for reference
656. 先进的advanced
657. forecast n.先见, 预见, 预测, 预报vt.预想, 预测, 预报, 预兆
658. prevision n.先见, 预知prescience n.预知, 先见
659. dreg n.渣滓, 糟粕, 沉淀物
660. 基础groundwork, foundation
661. collision n.碰撞, 冲突
662. invader n.侵略者aggressor n.侵略者, 攻击
663. springboard n.跳板, 出发点
664. 废除abolish, abrogate
665. optimistic adj.乐观的pessimistic悲观的
666. finite adj.有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的
667. hackneyed adj.不新奇的, 陈腐的, 常见的
668. tyranny, autarchy, despotism n.暴政, 苛政, 专治专制的despotic
669. despot,tyrant 专制君主,暴君
670. 抑制restrain
671. 盲目地blindly
672. steady adj.稳固的, 稳定的, 坚定的, 扎实的, 坚定不移的v.(使)稳定, (使)稳
固
673. consensus, the public voice, public opinion n. 舆论
674. instigate v.鼓动
675. literature n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献
676. 执行implement, perform, administer, execute
677. dynamic adj.动力的, 动力学的, 动态的
678. 局限localization, localize v.(使)局部化,(使)地方化,停留在一地方
679. purity n.纯净, 纯洁, 纯度 purify
680. flood n.水灾vt.淹没满vi.被水淹, 溢出, 涌进, 喷出, 涌出
681. substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的
682. euphonious music、elegant pictures and elaborate sculpture; 
683. euphonious adj.悦耳的
684. elegant adj.
685. confidential,secret 机密的
686. citizens
687. elegant文雅的, 端庄的, 雅致的, <口>上品的, 第一流的
688. elaborate adj.精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精细vt.精心制作, 详细阐述
v.详细描述
689. ideology n.意识形态
690. Great Leap Forward--大跃进
691. 本质essence
692. critic n.批评家
693. enterprise n.企业, 事业, 计划, 事业心, 进取心, 干事业
694. tyrant, despot n.暴君
695. commitment n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务
696. adherence n.粘着, 忠诚, 坚持
697. invariably adv.不变地, 总是
698. inherently adv.天性地, 固有地
699. advisor, consultant n.顾问
700. hypocrite n.伪君子, 伪善者
701. conscience n.良心, 道德心
702. fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地
703. jeopardy, danger, hazard n.危险, 危险
704. interdependent adj.相互依赖的, 互助的
705. eradicate v.根除
706. precedence, priority, n.优先, 居先preference偏爱
707. dual adj.双的, 二重的, 双重
708. specious adj.外表美观, 华而不实的, 徒有其表的, 似是而非的, 外表美观的
709. empirical adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, [化]实验式
710. genteel adj.上流社会的
711. in spite of adv.不管
712. isolation n.隔绝, 孤立, 隔离, 绝缘, 离析
713. parental dj.父母亲的, 做双亲的
714. fraud n欺骗
715. aspersion 洒水, 诽谤, 中伤
716. subjunctive adj.
717. 虚拟的 虚拟语气
718. eulogize 称赞, 颂扬
719. inevitably adv.不可避免
720. antithetic adj. 正相反的, 对立的
721. avenue n. 林荫道, 大街, 方法, 途径, 路
722. inquiry n. 质询, 调查
723. preeminent adj.卓越的
724. genuine真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的
725. dissension意见不同, 纠纷, 争执
726. 成果
727. fruit, harvest, production
728. fruit->friut
729. inevitable不可避免的, 必然的
730. due to, owing to, on account of, because of
731. 感激appreciate
732. academician学会会员, 院士, 大学生, 学者
733. 既然now that, since
734. 了解comprehend
735. 治疗cure,treat
736. 因此consequently, accordingly, as a result
737. 接近approach, be close to
738. adjacent邻近的, 接近的
739. 观念concept, conception, notion, idea
740. easy和popular同时用
741. 出色不用best用excellent, standout
742. 复杂complex, intricate
743. intricacy, complexity
744. difficult, profound and obscure disciplines
745. 以前previously
746. despise,belittle,distain轻视
747. majority,minority不再用many people, people
748. Without such challenges, science would have developed more slowly.
749. 用through this way不用by this way
750. help->to turn to for help
751. faculty才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员, (大学的)系, 科, (授予的)权力
752. oppose to
753. avenue
754. variety, diversity变化, 多样性, 种种, 品种, 种类
755. endure耐久, 忍耐
756. 运用exert, bring to bear
757. quirky诡诈的, 离奇的
758. consult 
759. 商量
760. zealous, ardent, fervent热心的
761. zealous pursuit in the kingdom of mathematics. 
762. prudence慎
763. curiosity好奇心
764. perspicacity敏锐
765. disregard不理漠视
766. 漠视, 忽视
767. 灾难calamity, tragedy, catastrophe->catastroph
768. 纪念节commemoration, 仪式ceremony
769. 纪念commemorate, memorialize
770. 家庭household
771. architecture建筑, 建筑学
772. architect建筑师
773. jingoism主战论, 武力外交政策,沙文主义,侵略主义
774. scrutiny详细审查
775. restate重新叙述, 重申
776. thesis论题, 论文
777. inappropriate不适当的, 不相称的
778. cruel, brutal残酷的, 悲惨的, 使痛苦的
779. retroactive反动的,
780. pornography色情文学, 色情描写
781. criticism批评, 批判
782. assess估定, 评定
783. critic批评家, 评论家
784. 专业的professional
785. lofty高高的, 崇高的, 高傲的, 高级的
786. creativity, innovate创造力, 创造
787. prevail流行, 盛行, 获胜, 成功
788. lucrative有利的
789. profits≠value
790. 艺术可以transfer morality
791. soul灵魂, 心灵, 精神, 精力
792. chastity纯洁, 贞节, 简洁
793. vitally生死攸关地, 极其, 紧要地
794. excavate挖掘, 开凿, 挖出, 挖空
795. myriad无数, 无数的人或物, <诗>一万
796. adj.
797. 无数的, 一万的, 种种的
798. mediation仲裁
799. pursue->persue
800. robot->robut
801. account->acount
802. therefore->therefor
803. sensation, emotion感觉, 感情, 感动, 耸人听闻的
804. 外交diplomatic
805. 人文学科humanities
806. 宽容allowance, toleration, tolerable
807. 赚钱的profitable
808. 赚钱的工作
809. emphasize强调, 着重
810. misapprehension误会, 误解
811. voracity--->vorocity
812. 辩证的 dialectic 
813. deficient缺陷的
814. hypothetical假设的, 假定的,爱猜想的
815. offspring->offsprings, posterity
816. furthermore->futhermore
817. propel->prople
818. putting->puting
819. valuable->valueable
820. genius->genious
821. culture->cultrue
822. favorite->favorate
823. impotence->impotance
824. gravitation->graviation
825. be interested->intested
826. convenient->convinient
827. comfortably->comfotablly,comfortablly
828. broody喜伏窝的, 多产的, 多思考的
829. 无私selflessness
830. 无私的self-giving
831. selfless无私的
832. altruistic利他的, 无私心的
833. asocial缺乏社交性的, 自我中心的, 自私的
834. ornamentation, ornament装饰, 装饰品
835. contest论争, 竞赛
836. v.
837. ,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺
838. 战争的本质归根结底是生存条件和相互利益的争夺
839. 贪婪的avaricious, voracious, greedy, avid, rapacious, avid
840. I. simile 明喻
841. 描写性的
842. eg. When I started working in a new company, I felt like a kid at 
school
843. 说明性的
844. eg. Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to 
cars. 
845. A is to B what/ as C is to D
846. like, somewhat like, quite like, similar to, akin to , 
847. analogous to, be comparable to, be compared to, 
848. as if/ though, be sth of
849. be none of our business
850. plausible, specious似是而非的
851. impel推动, 推进, 激励, 驱使, 逼迫
852. prehistorical史前的
853. amount to总计
854. commensurate相称的, 相当的
855. phenomenon 单数phenomena 复数
856. industrial revolution
857. dramatically戏剧地, 引人注目地
858. compensate偿还, 补偿, 付报酬
859. The following examples are just cases in point. 再也不要用
for instance
860. whale鲸
861. v.
862. 捕鲸
863. excessive过多的, 过分的, 额外
864. poach水煮(荷包蛋), 把...踏成泥浆, 侵入偷猎, 窃取
865. vi.
866. 偷猎
867. campaign [军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动
参加活动, 从事活动, 作战
868. precious宝贵的, 贵重的, 珍爱的, 过于精致的, 珍爱的
869. lust活力, 繁殖力, 强烈的性欲vi.强烈欲望, 渴望, 引起性冲动
870. conspicuous显著的
871. additionally加之, 又
872. individually个别地
873. worthwhile adj值得做的, 值得出力的
874. biosphere生物圈
875. interrelationship相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰
876. every species else
877. woodpecker [鸟]啄木鸟
878. pesticide杀虫剂
879. enemy敌人, 仇敌, [集合名词]敌军, [喻]大敌adj.敌人的, 敌方的
880. consequently从而, 因此
881. charitable仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的
882. perspective透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
883. is amount to saving ourselves
884. hence因此, 从此
885. contemplated预期的
886. contemplate凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图
887. vicious恶的, 不道德的, 恶意的, 刻毒的, 堕落的, 品性不端的, 有错误的
888. permeate弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满
889. vi.透入
890. unilateral单方面, 单边的, 片面的, 单系, [植]单侧的, [语]单边音
891. categorize加以类别, 分类
892. category种类, 别, [逻]范畴
893. termination终止
894. fantasy幻想, 白日梦
895. Take my college for example
896. compulsive强制的, 强迫的, 由强迫产生的, 禁不住的
897. be absent from缺席
898. on account of由于
899. knowledge is restricted in a small region
900. As the saying goes "Interest is the best teacher for everyone", 
which is prompted by the motivation to study.
901. is removed from 
902. and so forth等等
903. reality真实, 事实, 本体, 逼真in reality, as a matter of fact
904. efficacy功效, 效验
905. , in my opinion, 
906. it is true 
907. hackneyed不新奇的, 陈腐的, 常见的
908. A good example I want to support my viewpoint is
909. inquiry质询, 调查
910. 忽略
911. ignore, neglect, overlook,ignorance
912. unprecedented空前的
913. executive实行的, 执行的, 行政的
914. n.
915. 执行者, 经理主管人员
916. talent天才, 才干, 才能
917. In addition to
918. by way of restraining their different characteristics
919. dogmatic, doctrine n. 
920. [dC^5mAtik]
921. adj.
922. 教条的, 独断的
923. 灌输infuse, indoctrinate, 
924. admittedly公认地, 诚然, 无可否认的
925. rhetorical带修辞色彩的
926. conviction, certitude, assurance, 深信, 确信, 定罪, 宣告有罪
927. decoration装饰, 装饰品
928. expertise专家的意见, 专门技术
929. impertinence, imprudent, impertinent
930. irresponsible不负责任的, 不可靠的
931. reckless不计后果的
932. rigid刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的
933. frames and stereotypes
934. prosperity, prosperous繁荣
935. embodiment体现, 具体化, 化身
936. skepticism, suspicious怀疑论
937. creativity创造力, 创造
938. thoughtless欠考虑的
939. adage格言, 谚语
940. content内容, 容量, 目录, 满足
941. adj.
942. 满足的, 满意的, 愿意
943. vt.
944. 使满足
945. excessively过分地, 非常地
946. catastrophe大灾难, 大祸
947. jeopardize危害
948. moderately适度地
949. 似是而非的specious华而不实
950. 经验experience
951. 表面现象superficies
952. 匆忙in a hurry
953. 结论conclusion
954. 缺乏be short of, be devoid of
955. 说服力persuasion
956. 充分的plenary
957. 市场调查market research
958. 自相矛盾self-contradiction, self-contradictory自相矛盾的
959. 推论deduction
960. 副作用side effect
961. 过敏的allergic, be sensitive to 
962. 不愿reluctant, disinclined
963. 接受accept
964. 统计上的statistical
965. 样本sample
966. 必然的necessary
967. 联系relation
968. 建立establish,constitute, set up
969. 前提premise, prerequisite
970. 资料information, data
971. 顾客client,patron
972. 忽略ignore, neglect, overlook
973. 管理management
974. 思维thinking
975. 混乱confusion
976. 利润profit
977. 观念conception
978. 为了in order to
979. gratuitous 无理由的
980. 假定assumption
981. 无根据的unwarranted
982. legitimacy正确性,合理性
983. 正当理由justification
984. 优势predominance
985. implicit含蓄的
986. 武断的presumptuous
987. prediction预言
988. 收益性profitability
989. 意外事件contingency, emergency
990. quote引用
991. 程序procedure
992. 天马行空a powerful and unconstrained style
993. volition意志
994. foolproof十分简单的, 十分安全的, 极坚固的
995. 规律rule
996. 连贯的coherent
information不可数
2.country 不是contry
3.necessary不是nessesary
4.勇气courage
5.作文composition
6.信心confidence
7.目标target,goal
8.terminal
9.精华essential
10.实情true state of matter
11.记者招待会press conference
12.有效的valid(正确的)
13.灾难disaster
14.情况circumstance
15.方法method
16.制定establish,enact
17.民主democracy
19.乐观Optimism,optimistic,sanguine
20.缩写abbreviation
22.腐败corrupt,corruption
23.接触contact,connect
24.着手outset
25.成功success
26.总理premier
27.修改modify(modification)
30.有声望的prestigious
31.作文composition
32.engage
vt.使忙碌, 雇佣, 预定, 使从事于, 使参加
vi.答应, 从事, 交战, [机]接合, 啮合
33.unquestioning
adj.不加疑问的,不问是非的,不犹豫的
34.essential
a.本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的
n.本质, 实质, 要素, 要点
35.consistently
一贯地, 一向, 始终如一地
36.commit
vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责
37.particular
n.细节, 详细
adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的, 详细的, 精确的, 挑剔
38.policy
n.政策, 方针
39. lesion
n.损害, 身体上的伤害
40.专家expert
41.perspective专家;看法
42.老百姓the general public
43.discontent 
n.不满
44.official
n.官员, 公务员
adj.职务上的, 公务的, 官方的, 正式的
45.政府官员government officials
46.thinker
n.思想者, 思想家, 心智
47.compromise
n.妥协, 折衷
v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全
48.推荐recommend
49.endurance
n.忍耐(力), 持久(力), 耐久(性)
50.desirable
adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的, 悦人心意的
51.resist
vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住
51.fund
n.资金, 基金
v.支助, 投资

52.consequence
n.
结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位

ethical
adj.
与伦ethic
[5eWik]
n.
道德规范, 伦理理有关, 民族的, 民族特有的

anticipate
vt.
预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先
v.
预订, 预见, 可以预料
restriction
n.
限制, 约束
confine

censor
n.
检查员
vt.
检查, 审查

preserve
vt.
保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏
vi.
做蜜饯, 禁猎
n.
蜜饯, 果酱, 禁猎地, 禁区, 防护物

accessible易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的, 可理解的

文化大革命Cultural Revolution

迫害Persecute

影响affect, influence

行动activity, proceeding

忍耐tolerate;endure

挑战challenge

politics
n.政治, 政治学, 政纲, 政见

保护preserve;protect

morality
adj.
道德的
n.
道德

virtue,excellence
n.
德行, 美德, 贞操, 优点, 功效, 效力, 英勇

as though好像

stationary, immovable, fixed, steadfast
固定的

take account of考虑

legislation
n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)

legislate
vi.
制定法律
vt.
通过立法

reform
n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化
vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成
vi.革新, 改过, 重组

transformation
n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换

pursuit
n.追击

ideal
n.理想
adj.理想的, 完美的, 想象的, 观念的, 唯心论的
consensus
n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论

工具tool,implement,,facility

放弃abandon;abdicate(权力,职位),abnigate,give up

utility
n.效用, 有用

flourish
vi.繁荣, 茂盛, 活跃, 手舞足蹈, 兴旺, 处于旺盛时期
vt.挥动, 夸耀
n.茂盛, 兴旺, 华饰, 繁荣

thesis
n.论题, 论文

scrutiny
n.详细审查

kinda
adv.有一点, 有几分(=kind of)

conspicuously
adv.显著地, 超群地

diplomacy外交

election
n.选举, 当选, 选择权, [宗]上帝的选拔

elect
vt.选举, 推选
v.选择, 作出选择, 选举, 选举, 选举

解放liberate,release, emancipate

intercourse
n.交往, 交流

critique
n.批评

criticize
v.批评, 责备

ritual
n.典礼, (宗教)仪式, 礼节
adj.典礼的, (宗教)仪式的

ceremony
n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员

watergate acandel

sexual

materials concerning violence and pornography

pornography
n.色情文学, 色情描写

confidentiality
n.机密性

核弹nuclear bomb

私利private interest

even-handed, impartial, fair
adj.公平的

consensus
n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论

共产主义Communism

socialism
n.社会主义, 社会主义运动

pursue
vt.追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事

strategy
n.策略, 军略

unemployment
n.失业, 失业人数

turban
n.穆斯林的头巾

人道主义Humanitarianism

maintenance
[5meintinEns]
n.
维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养

维护maintain国家领土完整Territorial integrity

expatiate
vi.详述, 细说

subsidize
v.资助, 津贴

subsidy
n.补助金, 津贴

真谛true meaning==essence

依赖depend on

district
n.区域, 地方, 管区, 行政区, (美国各州的)众议院选区

Mount of Everest
n.珠穆朗玛峰

the Northern or Southern Pole

intactness
n.完整无缺,未受损伤

loyalty to truth and originality(创意,新奇) of creators

originality
n.创意, 新奇

incredible and ridiculous

incredible
adj.<口>难以置信的

ridiculous
adj.荒谬的, 可笑的

Manpower 

material resources

resource
n.资源, 财力, 办法, 智谋

反对object

ecosystem
n.生态系统


deliberately, on purpose
adv.故意地

intentionally
adv.有意地,故意地

ecology
n.生态学, [社会]环境适应学, 均衡系统

preservation
n.保存

利用make use of, utilize

controversy
n.论争, 辩论, 论战

符合match, accord

除掉get rid of;cancel, remove form

根据according to

政治Politics

标准criterion;standard

科技Technology

国防National defense

Admit, acknowledge
v.容许, 承认, 接纳

admission
n.允许进入, 承认某事之陈述, 供认

diversion
n.转移, 转换, 牵制, 解闷, 娱乐

diversity
n.差异, 多样性

成本cost

theory
n.理论

practice
n.实践

top-down
adj.组织管理严密的

campaign
n. (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动
vi.参加活动, 从事活动, 作战

Without bottom, top can do nothing.

relate to
v.涉及---involve

citizen
n.市民, 公民

occur, happen, take place
vi.发生, 出现

replacement
n.归还, 复位, 交换, 代替者, 补充兵员, 置换, 移位

ignore
vt.不理睬, 忽视

neglect
vt.忽视, 疏忽, 漏做
n.忽视, 疏忽, 漏做

century
n.世纪, 百年

consequent
adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的

modernization
n.现代化

globalization
n.全球化,全球性

civilization

grandiose
adj.宏伟的, 堂皇的, 宏大的

majesty
n.最高权威, 王权, 雄伟

notion
n.概念, 观念, 想法, 意见, 打算, 主张

进步与发展progress and develop

the Black's right黑人的权利

donation
n.捐赠品, 捐款, 贡献

donate
v.捐赠, 赠予

make contributions to 

i.e.
adv.也就是

affair
n.事务, 事件

政治事件Political affairs

变革reform ; transform

导致lead to

倾向trend;incline, tendence, tendency

practice makes perfect

wholeheartedness
全心全意
wholehearted
adj.
一心一意的, 诚恳的, 整整的, 全神贯注的
Tendency, incline to
n.趋向, 倾向

scrutiny
n.详细审查

diminish
v.(使)减少, (使)变小

efficient
adj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的, 能干的

reservation保留

primary
adj.第一位的, 主要的, 初步的, 初级的, 原来的, 根源的

暂时
for a while;for the moment;temporarily;transitorily
adj.短时间的
contemporary
n.同时代的人
adj.当代的, 同时代的

commitment
n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务

constant
n.[数、物]常数, 恒量
adj.不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

obviate
vt.消除, 排除(危险、障碍等), 回避, 预防, 避免

detrimental
adj.有害的

deleterious
adj.有害的, 有毒的

baneful
adj.有害的, 使人苦恼的
Equate
vt.使相等, [数]视为平等
vi.等同

strategy
n.策略, 军略

essence
n.基本, [哲]本质, 香精

embassy
n.大使及其随员, 大使的派遣, 大使馆
bullshit
n.胡说
sagacious
adj.有洞察力的, 有远见的, 精明的, 敏锐的

shrewdness
机灵

Indispensable
n.不可缺少之物
adj.不可缺少的, 绝对必要的

handle, dispose, deal with
v.处理

deny
v.否认, 拒绝

exposure, expose
n.暴露, 揭露, 暴光, 揭发, 揭露, 位向, 方向, 陈列

atomic
adj.原子的, 原子能的, 微粒子的

atomic bomb

Whereabout
n.下落, 行踪, 所在之处
adv.在何处
n.(用作单或复)行踪, 下落, 所在

permission
n.许可, 允许

have the capability of

appropriately
adv.适当地

engage
vi.从事

shrewd
adj.精明

distort
vt.扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等)


hold back
v.踌躇, 阻止, 抑制, 隐瞒

above all
adv.最重要, 首先

hence
adv.因此, 从此

representative
n.代表
adj.典型的, 有代表性的

be supposed to
v.应该, 被期望

sincere
adj.诚挚的, 真实的, 真诚的

pure-hearted
adj.真诚的,正直的,诚恳的

Oblige, compel, coerce
vt.迫使, 责成

is obliged to 

throughout
prep.遍及, 贯穿
adv.到处, 始终, 全部

especially
adv.特别, 尤其

sincerity
n.诚挚, 真实, 真挚

a request of obligation

Request
vt.请求, 要求
n.请求, 要求, 邀请

utilize
vt.利用

利用
using /utilize/make use of 

efficiency
n.效率, 功效

opposer, adversary, rival

n.
竞争者, 对手

at any cost
adv.
=at all costs无论如何

complexity
[kEm5pleksiti]
n.
复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性

intricacy
n.复杂, 错综

constitute, legislate, enact
vt.
制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命

sincerity
[sin5seriti]
n.
诚挚, 真实, 真挚

spreads through

disease, malady, ailment
n.疾病, 弊病

疾病
ailment,complaint,disease,illness,infirmity,malady,sickness

up-to-date
adj.直到现在的, 最近的, 当代的, 新式的

safeguard
vt.维护, 保护, 捍卫
n.安全装置, 安全措施

personage
n.要人, 名流, 个人

republican
adj.共和国的, 共和政体的, 共和主义的, 有关共和的
n.共和党人

republic
n.共和国, 共和政体
adj.共和的

tremendous
adj.极大的, 巨大的

巨大
greatness,hugeness,immensity,immense, largeness,magnitude, vastness

exaggerate
v.夸大, 夸张

fault
n.过错, 缺点, 故障, 毛病
vt.挑剔
vi.弄错

sureness
n.确实, 安全, 踏实

作风
style,way

利益集团
interest group

政绩
achievement in one's post

institutional revolution
n.
文化革命

developmental
adj.发展的

gestate
v.孕育, 创案

invade, inroad, aggress
vt.侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤

fascist
n.法西斯主义者, 法西斯党员
adj.法西斯主义的, 法西斯党的

unremitting
adj.不懈的

首要
chiefly

目的
aim,intent,intention,motive,objective,order,purpose,whys

残忍
barbarity,bloodiness,brutality,ferocity,imbrute,sanguinariness, cruel

欺骗
deceive

背信弃义
break faith with sb.
主张
opinion,proposition,protest,affirmation,allegation,aver,claim,contesta
tion

正义
justice

功利
material gain,
效用,功用utility

security
n.安全

supernatural
adj.超自然的, 神奇的
n.超自然物, 神奇人物, 不可思议的事

meaningless
adj.毫无意义的, 杂乱的

命运
Fortune's wheel, destiny,fate,fortune,kismet,lot,portion

humility
n.谦卑

humiliate
v.羞辱, 使丢脸, 耻辱

obedience
n.服众, 顺从

abstinency
n.禁欲, (在饮食、享乐方面)自制

品质character

Approve
vi.赞成, 满意
vt.批准, 通过
v.批准
approbate
vt.许可, 认可, 承认

applaud
v.拍手喝彩, 称赞, 赞同

手段instrument, artifice, 

implement
n.工具, 器具
vt.贯彻, 实现
v.执行

brand
n.商标, 牌子, 烙印
vt.打火印, 污辱

according to
v.依照

strict
adj.(~ with) 严格的, 严厉的, 严谨的, 精确的

硕果great achievement

flourish
vi.繁荣
flourishing繁茂的, 繁荣的, 欣欣向荣的
繁荣
Boom, flourish, glory, prosper, prosperity, thrive

thrive
v.兴旺, 繁荣

范围extension

prosperity
n.繁荣

先进的Advanced, 

disintegrate
vt.(使)分解, (使)碎裂

violence
n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴

brutal
adj.
残忍的, 兽性的

手段instrument, 

主张
opinion, proposition, protest, affirmation, allegation, aver (vi.), claim,
contestation

pivot
n.枢轴, 支点, (讨论的)中心点, 重点
adj.枢轴的

emphases
n.重点(emphasis的复数形式)

stress
n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音
vt.着重, 强调, 重读

calculate, ponder
v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算

slang 
n.俚语, 行话
v.用粗话骂, 用俚语说
口号slogan
take into account, take into consideration, 
v.
重视, 考虑

crux
n.症结

calm down
v.平静下来, 镇定下来

正义
justice, right, righteousness

正义的
just, justicial, righteous

合法的
legitimate, licit

哲学
philosophy

reasonable, logical, rational
adj.合理的, 有道理的

rational
adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的
n.[数]有理数

enjoy
vt.享受...的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱

权力产生于政治需要,无需在哲学上论证其合理性;获得权力者就应独享权力。权力带
来社会的稳定和安全,道德不适合权力的强制行为。

The power, which is useless in demonstration in philosophy, is produced in 
the need of politics. The potentate having got the puissance should enjoy 
the potency themselves. The power brings the whole society stabilization 
and security and morality does not suit the force of the power. 
tranquilization
n.
安静,稳定
stabilization
n.稳定性

Potentate
n.当权者

puissance, potence权力

span
n.跨度, 跨距, 范围
v.横越

Malignancy, malignant
n.恶意

wickedness
n.邪恶, 不道德

beastliness
n.兽性

beastly
adj.如野兽的, 残忍的, 令人不快的

随心所欲
at one's pleasure, follow one's inclinations

essence
n.基本, [哲]本质
hypostasis
n.根本原理, 本质, 原质
toughness
n.韧性, 坚韧, 刚性, 健壮性

disciple
n.信徒, 弟子, 门徒

consistently
一贯地, 一向, 始终如一地

devotedly
adv.忠实地, 一心一意地

integrity
n.正直, 诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整性

competence
n.能力

能力
Ability, capability, capacity, competence ,faculty

Ponder, calculate
v.沉思, 考虑

conviction
n.深信, 确信, 定罪, 宣告有罪

Possess
vt.占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配

charisma
n.超凡魅力, 感召力, 教皇般的指导力
deeply, profoundly, 
impression
n.印象, 感想, 盖印, 压痕

particular
n.细节, 详细
adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的, 详细的, 精确的, 挑剔
genuinely
adv.
真诚地, 诚实地
consistency
n.连结, 结合, 坚固性, 浓度, 密度, 一致性, 连贯性

retrospect
n.回顾

申请
Application, apply, put in for, requisition, try for

Requisition
n.正式请求, 申请, 需要, 命令, 征用, 通知单
vt.征用, 要求

perpetual, permanent, 
adj.永久的
Dwight Eisenhower
艾森豪威尔(美国将军)
command
n.命令, 掌握, 司令部
v.命令, 指挥, 克制, 支配, 博得, 俯临

allied forces盟军, 联军

战略的
strategic, strategical

courteous
adj.有礼貌的, 谦恭的

General of the Army
五星上将

laurel
n.[植]月桂树, 桂冠, 殊荣
vt.使戴桂冠, 授予荣誉

the whole town turns out

chief of staff
n.(陆海空军的)参谋长,<美>(陆空军)司令

Pacificism, padifism
n.和平主义, 反战言论

forbid, prohibit, interdict
vt.禁止, 不许
v.禁止

forbidden
adj.禁止的, 严禁的
v.forbid的过去分词

prohibit
vt.禁止, 阻止

罗斯福评价马歇尔:“在阿谀奉承和阴谋诡计的海洋里,马歇尔就是诚实可靠的码头。
”

bloody
[5blQdi]
adj.
血腥的, 嗜杀的, 有血的, <英鄙>该死的, 非常的

shame
[Feim]
n.
羞耻, 羞愧, 可耻的人(或事物)


stir up trouble惹事生非

Jesus
n.耶稣(基督教信奉的救世主)

rainbow
n.彩虹, 五彩缤纷的排列, 幻想, 幻觉, 虚无缥缈的东西
adj.五彩缤纷的

span
n.跨度, 跨距, 范围
v.横越

Maginot line
n.马其诺防线
daft愚蠢的
daftness
n.
愚笨, 癫狂

崩溃 breakdown, collapse, crash, crumple

burst up
v.
爆炸, 失败, 垮台
trample
n.踩踏, 蹂躏
v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视

tread down
v.踏结实, 踩碎, 抑制, 压迫, 蹂躏

Nazi
n.纳粹党人
adj.纳粹党的
fascism
n.法西斯主义, 极端的国家主义
florid
adj.华丽的, 红润的, 炫耀的, 绚丽的

hell
n.地狱

inferno
n.阴间, 地狱

fear
n.恐怖, 害怕, 担心, 敬畏
v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心, 敬畏(神等)

impregnable
adj.固若金汤

round绕过

德军没有攻打马奇诺防线,他们首先攻打比利时、荷兰和卢森堡,并绕过马奇诺防线从
色当一带渡河入法国。德国法西斯的铁蹄不久又踏入荷兰、比利时、卢森堡。 

Spanish Armada
n.无敌舰队

征服
conquer,conquest(n),overcome,overmaster,subdue,subjection,subjugate,va
nquish

surmise
v.猜测
n.猜度

desert
n.沙漠, 

“无敌舰队”的溃败defeat,标志着西班牙海权的衰落decline。英国开始掌握海上霸权
,为它夺取殖民地提供了条件。

Defeat击败

indicate
vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明

Dunkirk
n.敦克尔克(法国北部港市,1940年英军和部分法军被德军击败后,由此撤往英国)
vi.狼狈地撤退

incumbent
adj.职责所在的, 负有...义务的

rightful
adj.公正的

discriminate
v.歧视, 区别, 区别待遇

foothold
n.立足处

warfare
n.战争, 作战, 冲突, 竞争

impressionable
adj.易受感动的, 敏感的

headstrong
adj.不听命令的, 顽固的, 刚愎的, 任性的

be bound to
一定要...

be bound for
v.
开往..., 以...为目的地

Espouse, advocate, support, champion
vt.嫁娶, 支持, 赞成

justify
v.证明...是正当的

strategy
n.策略, 军略

complete
adj.全部的, 完全的, 完成的
vt.完成, 使完善

attentive
adj.注意的, 专心的, 留意的

socialization
n.社会化, 社会主义化

distinguished
adj.卓著的, 著名的, 高贵的

pandemonium
n.喧嚣;大混乱;大吵大闹

adapt
vt.使适应, 改编

convention
n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例

trash
n.无价值之物, 无聊的作品, 垃圾, 废物

“i will offer two examples in policy and economy which serve well to 
illustrate my conclusion. 好引出下文

1.information不可数
2.country 不是contry
3.necessary不是nessesary
4.勇气courage
5.作文composition
6.信心confidence
7.目标target, goal, intention, objective, 
8.terminal
9.精华essential
10.实情true state of matter
11.记者招待会press conference
12.有效的valid(正确的)
13.灾难disaster, 
14.情况circumstance
15.方法method
16.制定establish,enact
17.民主democracy
18.解决solute
19.乐观Optimism,optimistic,sanguine
20.缩写abbreviation
22.腐败corrupt,corruption
23.接触cotact, connect
24.着手outset
25.成功success
26.总理premier
27.修改modify(modification)
30.有声望的prestigious
31.作文composition
32.engage
vt.使忙碌, 雇佣, 预定, 使从事于, 使参加
vi.答应, 从事, 交战, [机]接合, 啮合
33.unquestioning
adj.不加疑问的,不问是非的,不犹豫的
34.essential
a.本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的
n.本质, 实质, 要素, 要点
35.consistently
一贯地, 一向, 始终如一地
36.commit
vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责
37.particular
n.细节, 详细
adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的, 详细的, 精确的, 挑剔
38.policy
n.政策, 方针
39.lesion
n.损害, 身体上的伤害
blemish
n.污点, 缺点, 瑕疵
vt.弄脏, 玷污, 损害
40.专家expert
41.perspective专家;看法
42.老百姓the general public
43.discontent .不满
discontented不满意的
44.official
n.官员, 公务员
adj.职务上的, 公务的, 官方的, 正式的
45.政府官员government officials
46.thinker
n.思想者, 思想家, 心智
47.compromise
n.妥协, 折衷
v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全
48.推荐recommend
49.endurance
n.忍耐(力), 持久(力), 耐久(性)
50.desirable
adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的, 悦人心意的
51.resist
vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住
51.fund
n.资金, 基金
v.支助, 投资
52.consequence结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位
oppose
vt.反对, 使对立, 使对抗, 抗争
vi.反对
ethical
adj.
与伦理有关, 民族的, 民族特有的

anticipate
vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先
v.预订, 预见, 可以预料
restriction
n.限制, 约束
Participate, take part in, attend, join
censor
n.检查员
vt.检查, 审查

preserve
vt.保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏
vi.做蜜饯, 禁猎
n.蜜饯, 果酱, 禁猎地, 禁区, 防护物

accessible
adj.易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的, 可理解的

文化大革命Cultural Revolution

迫害Persecute

影响affect

行动activity

忍耐tolerate;endure

挑战challenge

politics
n.政治, 政治学, 政纲, 政见

保护preserve;protect

morality
adj.道德的
n.
道德

virtue
n.德行, 美德, 贞操, 优点, 功效, 效力, 英勇

as though好像

stationary固定的

take account of

legislation
n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)

reform
n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化
vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成
vi.革新, 改过, 重组

transformation
n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换

pursuit, chase, quest for, go in for
n.追击

ideal
n.理想
adj.理想的, 完美的, 想象的, 观念的, 唯心论的

consensus
n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论
the public voice
舆论
工具tool, complement, construment, facility

放弃abandon;abdicate

flourish
vi.繁荣, 茂盛, 活跃, 手舞足蹈, 兴旺, 处于旺盛时期
vt.
挥动, 夸耀
n.
茂盛, 兴旺, 华饰, 繁荣

thesis
n.论题, 论文

scrutiny
n.详细审查

kinda
adv.有一点, 有几分(=kind of)

conspicuously
adv.显著地, 超群地

diplomacy外交

election
[I5lekF(E)n]
n.
选举, 当选, 选择权, [宗]上帝的选拔

elect
[I5lekt]
vt.
选举, 推选
v.
选择, 作出选择, 选举, 选举, 选举

解放liberate, release, emancipate

intercourse
[5intE(kC:s]
n.
交往, 交流

critique
n.批评

ritual
n.典礼, (宗教)仪式, 礼节
adj.
典礼的, (宗教)仪式的

ceremony
n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员

watergate acandel


sexual

materials concerning violence and pornography

pornography
[pC:5nC^rEfi]
n.
色情文学, 色情描写

confidentiality
n.
机密性

核弹nuclear bomb

私利private interest

even-handed
adj.公平的

consensus
n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论

共产主义Communism

pursue
[pE5sju:]
vt.
追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事

strategy
[5strAtidVi]
n.
策略, 军略

unemployment
n.失业, 失业人数

turban
n.穆斯林的头巾

人道主义Humanitarianism

maintenance
n.维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养

维护maintain国家领土完整Territorial integrity

expatiate
vi.详述, 细说

subsidize
v.资助, 津贴

subsidy
n.补助金, 津贴

真谛true meaning, essence

依赖depend on

district
[5distrikt]
n.
区域, 地方, 管区, 行政区, (美国各州的)众议院选区

Mount of Everest
[5evErist]
n.
珠穆朗玛峰


the Northern or Southern Pole

intactness
n.完整无缺,未受损伤

loyalty to truth and originality of creators

originality
[7EridVi5nAliti]
n.
创意, 新奇

incredible and ridiculous

incredible
[in5kredEbl]
adj.
<口>难以置信的

ridiculous
[ri5dikjulEs]
adj.
荒谬的, 可笑的
Manpower 

material resources

resource
[ri5sC:s]
n.
资源, 财力, 办法, 智谋

反对object, reject, oppose, be agaist, 

ecosystem
n.生态系统

deliberately
adv.故意地

intentionally
adv.
有意地,故意地
introspective, taciturn
in accord with
adv.
与...一致
Notwithstanding
conj.
虽然, 尽管
ultranationalism
极端民族主义,狭隘民族主义
fogyism
n.守旧, 落伍
obscurant
n.愚民政策, 蒙昧主义
一夫一妻monogamy
filial piety
n.
孝顺,孝心
Mainly, chiefly
ineradicably
adv.
不能根除地, 根深蒂固地
发掘exhume, unearth
谋生make a living
开启unlock心灵soul
Opus, opuses和opera是复数,尤指巨著
作品
momentum动力, 要素
rudiment初步
cornerstone 基础
分化polarization
雏形rudiment
过度的excessive, exorbitant
快餐的short-order文化和历史沉淀deposition
浮躁fickleness, flippancy
传播spread, transmit
贪婪avarice, greed
capricious反复无常的
be avid for, be avid of
实力strength的均衡equilibrium
commonweal公益, 大众福利
engage in使从事于, 参加
public-service activities
速食文化instant culture
well-rounded (身体, 形状等)丰满的, 成熟的, 多彩多姿的
Encourage, hearten
怀疑suspicion
assertion主张, 断言, 声明
特殊性particularity
沙文主义chauvinism, jingoism
worthwhile值得做的, 值得出力的
deserving应得的, 该受奖赏的
Abundant, fluent, 
Contact, get in touch with, 
价值观values必须是复数
abnormality变态
n.
畸形,异常性
Insulation, isolate, isolate
狭隘parochial
雇佣合同
contract of employment
对教育类的ISSUE,一些的单词和短语是比较有针对性的,比如:受教育水平(level 
of education experience)、文盲(illiterate名词和形容词 / ignoramus)、文化的
多样性(cultural diversity)、灌输培养(indoctrinate / instill / cultivate 
/ foster ...)、死记硬背(rote memorization)、感兴趣的领域(fascinated area)
等等……
history record
transmit, diffuse, spread
刺激stimulate
载体carrier
Gentle, gently
栋梁pillar
离婚Divorce
satirize讽刺性描写
lampoon
vt.讽刺
Failure, collapse, 
civil code
n.
民法
rational
adj.
理性的,
sensibility
n.敏感性
感性的sensible
skepticism怀疑论
脱颖而出
talent showing itself
indolence, idleness
n.懒惰
idleness闲散, 懒惰, 赋闲无事
周期性
periodicity
periodic周期的, 定期的
辍学
discontinue one's studying
作弊cheat, deceive
探测器detector
deceit
n.欺骗, 谎言

"Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best 
use of it." 

How, you may wonder, can one get success? According to the speaker a 
majority of people know how to attain success, however, few could recognize 
how to utilize it. I strongly agree with the speaker and as far as I know 
ways to the gate of success are different due to different realms.

In the realm of business, success means gets maximization of profit and 
success should be based on the confidence of the general public for a long 
time rather than behalf in advance. Take Bayer, one of the largest 
pharmaceutic companies, for example. When apprehending that there are some 
ingredients harmful to human bodies, leader of the company order to stop 
produce those products. Although they lost a lot of profit at that time, 
the company gained the confidence of the populace for a long time. To the 
contrary, Subimishi, a corporation producing a large number of kinds of 
cars, concealed the problem in the system of break although leaders had 
known about it. Profit as the corporation gained, they lost the support 
from most of customers when many a accident had happend. Accordingly, only 
by putting the profit of the general public on the first place for a long, 
could a company, a firm as well as a corporation gain a lasting profit.

As for the kingdom of science, it is also a easy method to gain success, 
which call for deligence and persistence. The statement brings immidietely 
to mind one professor of mine, Zhilong Xiu, vice president of my college. 
Once on a meeting he introduced his own experience to us students that how 
he gained success. He said on the way to science, the most significant two 
elements are deligence and tenacity without which one scholar could not pay 
attention to research. As far is know to us, every year hundreds of 
students get doctor degree while they cannot persist to pay their attention 
on the research again. What they want is a high salary vocation and they 
lost the luck to success in kingdom of science. Sometimes when I passed by 
the building of my college, the only window which is still light is 
professor Xiu's and I know he was working not only for reserches but also 
for task for us students.

In the realm of politics, the way to get success is to serve as a worker 
for the masses. A good case in point is Jintao Hu, current prime minister 
of China, who was a poor in his childhood. Nearly every Chinese loves this 
prime minister because of his heart for the general public and he resolve 
lots of problems of the public. To the contrary, Mu, a mayor of a big city 
of China, who had the problem of bribery, is so notorious that every 
citizen disgusts him so much in that he disregards difficulties of the city 
and used money from tax randomly.

To sum up, ways of gainning succuss are different due to disparate realms. 
Success needs putting the confidence of customers on the first place for a 
long time in the realm of business, and needs deligence, persistence in the 
kindom of science, as well as needs a heart for the public. Although 
majority know way s to get success, they cannot
Although majority know way s to get success, they cannot stick to them and 
they ultimately could not gain the success.

voracity--->vorocity
genius->genious
convenient->convinient
comfortably->comfotablly,comfortablly
fundamental->fundemental
persue->pursue
显微镜microscope
convergence
n.集中, 收敛
strategics
n.兵法
完整性integrality
Sober, calm, dispassionate
adj.冷静的
v.
镇定
Moderate, temperate

Captivate, delude
vt.迷住, 迷惑
蒙蔽hoodwink
特质idiosyncracy, idiosyncratic
Property
superstition
n.迷信
bombing plane
n.轰炸机
密码
cipher
ethically
adv.伦理(学)上
charitable
adj.仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的
auction
n.拍卖
vt.拍卖
vindicate
vt.维护, 辩护, 表白
perplexing
adj.复杂的, 令人困惑的
Do not be too dependent on machines.
Level of medicine
Undermine, undercut, weaken, 
危机conjuncture, 节点juncture
Excuse, pretext, 
数据库databank
plateau
n.高地, 高原(上升后的)稳定水平(或时期、状态
actualize
vt.实现, 实施
sorrow
n.悲哀, 悲痛
inalienable
adj.(指权利等)不能让与的, 不能剥夺的
dainty
n.适口的食物, 美味
empirical
adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, [化]实验式
replace
vt.取代, 替换, 代替, 把...放回原处
visual
adj.看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的
phantasize
v.梦想, 幻想
rational and reasonable.
visional
adj.梦幻般的
supplemental
adj.补足的, 追加的
phantasm
n.幻觉
autonomy
n.自治
integral
adj.完整的, 整体的, [数学] 积分的, 构成整体所需要的
n.[数学] 积分, 完整, 部分
security
n.安全
pressing, urgent, imperative
adj.紧迫的
v.挤压
a handful of一把
public praise口碑
quest
n.寻求
mores
n.风俗, 习惯, 民德, 道德观念
impartiality
n.不偏不倚, 公正, 公平
fairness
n.公平,
integrality
n.完整性
paradigmatic
adj.例证的
admonish
vt.劝告, 训诫, 警告
violate
vt.违犯, 亵渎(圣物), 冒犯, 干扰, 违反, 妨碍, 侵犯, 强暴
幕后behind the curtain
manipulate
vt.(熟练地)操作
take charge of
负责, 看管
practicality
n.实用性
Be of use=useful
vested
adj.既定的
裁员reduce the stafftrimmer
iconoclast
n.偶像破坏者, 提倡打破旧习的人
discrepancy
n.相差, 差异, 矛盾
真理gospel
free press
n.言论,出版的自由
literature
n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献
homogeneity
n.同种, 同质, 同次性
Expose their skin?open of mind
廉价cheep, sale price
cheek
solitude
n.孤独
磁场
magnetic field
electric current电流
unexpectedly
adv.出乎意料地, 想不到地
procedure
n.程序,
过程course, process
make sense of
v.搞清...的意思
differentiation
n.区别
evacuate
v.疏散, 撤出, 排泄
complementary
adj.补充的, 补足的
diary
n.日记
destitution
n.穷困, 缺乏, 贫穷
poverty
n.贫穷, 贫困, 贫乏, 缺少
inspiration
n.灵感
Two men will best exemplify my opinion very effectively because they are 
really effective in using the weapon of public speech:
capricious
[kE5priFEs]
adj.
反复无常的
whimsical
[5(h)wimzikEl]
adj.
反复无常的, 古怪的
expertise
[7ekspE5ti:z]
n.
专家的意见, 专门技术
rhythm
[5riTEm, 5riWEm]
n.
节奏, 韵律
Radioactivity is the starting point for cancer treatment, for the dating 
techniques used on ancient objects, rocks and the universe, and for 
molecular biology and modem genetics; it is also the source of nuclear 
energy and the atomic bomb. 
facility工具
on the other day,
facial
[5feiFEl]
adj.
面部的
outdated过时的, 不流行的
Archaic, ancient, old
complicate (使)变复杂
Patience耐心
headwaters源头, 上游
paradigm范例
harbinger先驱, 预兆
vt.
预告, 做...的前驱
Eminent, preeminent, predominant
adj.显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的
bestow
vt.给予, 安放
facilitate
vt.(不以人作主语的)使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进
superiority
n.优越, 高傲
are somewhat like skeleton and flesh of a body. 
instillation
n.灌输
headstone
n.墓石, 基石
consecution
n.连续, 条理, 逻辑顺序, 推理(或推论)上的联系
orient
n.东方, 东方诸国(指地中海以东各国)
adj.东方的, 上升的, 灿烂的
vi.适应形势, 向东
vt.使朝东, 使适应, 确定方向
strive
v.努力, 奋斗, 力争, 斗争
Strive against反抗
boundary
n.边界, 分界线
ceaselessly
adv.不停地, 不断地
frontier
n.国境, 边疆, 边境
once in a while
adv.偶尔
misleading
adj.易误解的, 令人误解的
penetrate
vt.穿透, 渗透, 看穿, 洞察
vi.刺入, 看穿, 渗透, 弥漫
permeate
vt.弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满
vi.透入
intersect
vt.横断
vi.(直线)相交, 交叉
humanities
人文学科
superficially
adv.浅薄地
stylist
n.自成流派者, 文体家, 设计师
independency
n.独立
legitimate
adj.合法的, 合理的, 正统的
v.合法
mediocrity
n.平常, 平庸之才
urgency==emergency-
n.紧急, 紧急的事, 强求, 催促, 坚持
outcast
adj.被逐的, 被排斥的, 被遗弃的
n.被驱逐者, 流浪者, 流氓
hale
adj.强壮的, 健壮的(尤指老人), 矍铄的
mental
adj.精神的, 智力的
imperfect
adj.有缺点的, 未完成的, 减弱的, [语]未完成时的, 未完成过去时的
n.未完成体
impressionable
adj.容易受感动的, 敏感的
marketing
n.行销, 买卖
axiom
n.[数]公理
esteem
vt.把...看作, 尊敬, 尊重, 认为
n.尊敬, 尊重
Self-esteem自尊
attempt
n.努力, 尝试, 企图
vt.尝试, 企图
in an attempt to
力图, 试图
aggrandize
vt.增加, 夸大
allure
v.吸引
concern
vt.涉及, 关系到
n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是
enterprise
n.企业, 事业, 计划, 事业心, 进取心, 干事业
concerned oneself with - 美国传统辞典
参与集中注意力于…;卷入: 
perspective
n.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
historian
n.历史学家, 史家
witness
n.[律]证人, 目击者, 证据, 证明, 证词
vt.目击, 为...作证, 证明, 表明
vi.作证, 成为证据
category, 
n.种类, 别, [逻]范畴
intuition, kind, type, sort
n.直觉, 直觉的知识
supposition
n.假定, 想象, 推测, 推想
patriotic
adj.爱国的, 有爱国心的
patriotism
n.爱国心, 爱国精神
reconstruct
v.重建, 改造, 推想
reestablish
v.重建, 使复原, 使复位
dissimilar
adj.不同的, 相异的
divergent
adj.分歧的
incisive
adj.深刻的, 尖锐的, 激烈的
assemble
vt.集合, 聚集, 装配
vi.集合
perception
n.理解
感知,感觉
literacy
n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力
Incorporate合并
adolescence
nurture
n.养育, 教育, 教养, 营养品
vt.养育, 给与营养物, 教养
in comparison with
adv.与...比较
equivalent
adj.相等的, 相当的, 同意义的
n.等价物, 相等物
snobbish
adj.势利的
buffoon
n.小丑
intimate
adj.亲密的, 隐私的
vt.宣布, 明白表示
n.熟友
innate
adj.先天的, 天生的
internal
adj.内在的, 国内的
alert
adj.提防的, 警惕的
n.警惕, 警报
consciousness
n.意识, 知觉, 自觉, 觉悟, 个人思想
perseverance
n.坚定不移
progeny, offspring, descendent, 
n.后裔
predicable
adj.可推断的, 可肯定的
n.可推断的事物
fancy
adj.奇特的, 异样的
vt.想象, 设想, 认为, 爱好, 自负
n.爱好, 迷恋, 想象力
encompass
v.包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物
satiate
v.满足
perilous, hazardous
adj.危险的
millionaire
n.百万富翁, 大富豪
socialization
n.社会化, 社会主义化
presidency
n.任期
voracious appetite for knowledge
archon
n.执政官, 统治者
Imagine a child, who was poorly born in a family with parents separated, 
living with mom who uses drug and has no stable income.
In consequence
nightmare
n.梦魇, 恶梦, 可怕的事物
drug addiction 
backbone
n.脊椎, 中枢, 骨干, 支柱, 意志力, 勇气, 毅力, 决心
Have we learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better 
society? I would answer, to some extent, no. 
Like the motto always quoted ‘there is no best, but better.’ 
reap
v.收割, 收获
paradox
n.似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话
earnest
adj.认真的, 热心的, 重要的n.真挚, 定金, 认真, 热心
dissuade
vt.劝阻
the Revolutionary War between Britain and USA
critical
adj.评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的, 危急的, 临界的
The loger the length of a circle’s diameter is, the larger unknown area 
its circumference will touch.
penchant
n.(强烈的)倾向, 趣味
manifest
n.载货单, 旅客名单
adj.显然的, 明白的
vi.出现
vt.表明, 证明
enclose
vt.放入封套, 装入, 围绕
worship
n.崇拜, 礼拜, 尊敬
vi.敬神, 拜神
vt.崇拜, 尊敬
raiment
n.[古或诗]衣服, 服饰
accumulate
v.积聚, 堆积
conversant
adj.亲近的, 有交情的, 熟悉的
procure
v.获得, 取得
executive
adj.实行的, 执行的, 行政的
n.执行者, 经理主管人员
cease
v.停止, 终了
blossom
n.花(尤指结果实者), 花开的状态, 兴旺期
vi.开花, 兴旺, 发展
The prosperity of a society and the blossom of the business are closely 
related. The lack of each part will damage the other part. 
legal
adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法
in respect of关于
commence
v.开始, 着手
Education commences at the mother’s knee,
hearsay
n.谣言, 传闻, 道听途说
adj.传闻的
interfere
vi.干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰
intervene
vi.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入, (指时间)介于其间
v.干涉
ethic
n.道德规范, 伦理
cooperate, collaborate
vi.合作, 协作
misfortune
n.不幸, 灾祸
award
n.奖, 奖品
vt.授予, 判给
expunge
v.擦去
intellectual
adj.智力的, 有智力的, 显示智力的
n.知识分子
participation
n.分享, 参与
Be liable to 
imagination
n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉
escalate
vi.逐步升高, 逐步增强
vt.使逐步上升
moral
adj.道德(上)的, 精神的n.道德
amoral
adj.与道德无关的, 超道德的
immoral
adj.不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的
preserve
vt.保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏
vi.做蜜饯, 禁猎
n.蜜饯, 果酱, 禁猎地, 禁区, 防护物
rhetoric
adj.花言巧语的
voracity
n.贪食, 贪婪
ephemeral
adj.朝生暮死的, 短暂的, 短命的
divorce
n.离婚, 脱离vt.使离婚, 与...脱离
arena
n.竞技场, 舞台
magnanimity
n.宽宏大量
Consciousness自觉
excel
v.优秀, 胜过他人
matriculate
v.被录取入学n.被录取者
mastery
n.掌握
fickleness
n.浮躁, 变化无常
fabulous
adj.寓言中的, 寓言般的, 神话般的, 传统上的, 惊人的, 难以置信的
adversity
n.不幸, 灾祸, 逆境
proposition
n.主张, 建议, 陈述, 命题
boor
n.农民, 粗野的人, 不懂礼貌的人, (Boor)波尔人
heinous
adj.可憎的, 极恶的
convention
n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例
preserve
vt.保护
Spring Festival
n.春节(中国农历正月初一)
celebrate a festival, 
rejoice
v.(使)欣喜, (使)高兴, 喜悦
county
n.县, 郡
progress
n.前进, 进步, 发展
vi.前进, 进步, 进行
theoretically
adv.理论上, 理论地
restore
vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建
Democratic Party
n.美国民主党
cognition
n.认识
since this contradiction means difference in thinking and in perspective of 
observing the facts, thus providing more than one way to analyze the 
information and facts we obtained. 
3) Besides, opposite views always stir up stimulation and become the 
impetus propelling our society to advance forward.
inhibit
抑制, 约束, [化][医]抑制
opposite views always act like the stimulations and the impetus to push us 
forward.
Impetus, momentum, 
various
adj.不同的, 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的
handicraft
n.手工艺, 手工艺品, 手艺
insider
n.内部的人, 会员, 知道内情的人, 权威人士
unveil
vt.使公诸于众, 揭开, 揭幕, 除去...的面纱vi.显露, 除去面纱
dispel
vt.驱散, 驱逐, 使消散
Predecessor
preceding
adj.在前的, 前述的
spring from
突然从...冒出
起源于, 出身于
来自
self-imposed
adj.自我加强的, 自愿接受的
attrition, friction
n.磨擦, 磨损
rampant
adj.猖獗的, 蔓生的, 猛烈的, 狂暴的, 跛拱的
sovereign
n.君主, 统治
adj.至高无上的, 君主的, 独立自主的, 完全的
citizenry
n.公民成市民(集合称)
disguise
v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰n.伪装
distrust
n.不信任vt.不信任
affection
n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向
secure
adj.安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的
v.保护
attain
vt.达到, 获得v.达到
Blindfold, eyeless盲目的
notoriety
n.恶名, 丑名, 声名狼藉, 远扬的名声
chauvinism
n.盲目的爱国心, 沙文主义
disloyalty
n.不忠实, 不信, 不义, 背信弃义
omnipotent全能的 

status quo 
per se 本身 

Sartorian's overall profitability is a function of revenue and expenses 
relating to all of Sartorian's products. 
However, this is not necessarily the case. 
foregoing/thereinbefore 前面的/前面地 
foretime 过去 
thereafter 以后 
Given these possible scenarios 

2, Emphasis 
chiefly, doubtless, in point of fact, unquestionably, without doubt, ... 

3, Similarity 
in like manner, by the same token 

4, Contrast 
conversely, nevertheless, whereas 

5, Example 
namely, counterexample反例 

6, Reason 
thanks to, in light of, in view of 

7, Result 
as a result 

8, Time 
in due time, presently, shortly after 

10, Conclusion 
in brief,to conclude, to sum up, in sum,..., on balance, ... 

as it were 
be bound to 一定 
in favor of 有利于 
in passing 顺便 
saying nothing of 更不用说 

at any rate 无论如何 
see to 注意,负责 

12.达到,获得 
实现 
attain, procure 
actualize 

14.烦恼,困扰 
beset 

15.否定 
negate 

16.有能力的,胜任的,厉害的,出色的 
prominent Remarkable 

17.程度: 
无节制的 
无法比的 
空前的 
不恰当的 
inordinately 
incomparable 
unprecedented 
undue 

18.倾向 
apt 

20.想 
contemplate speculate 

21.标准 
standard criteria 

23.基础的 
重大的 
fundamental elementary radical 
momentous 

24.表示,说明 
证实 
暗示 
denote, account for 
attest to 
innuendo 

25.识别,感知 
discern (discerning有能力 discernible可以) Recognizable 

26.不确定的,怀疑的 
确定的 
dubious Problematic 
established 

27.仿效 
emulate 

28.冲动,刺激 
impulse incentive 

29.激烈,热情 
严厉,残酷,艰苦的 
intensely drastically 
rigorously strait 

30.复杂的 
intricate 

31.多 
numerously 

32.正好 
precisely 

33.特点 
trait 

34.发泄 
abreaction 

inasmuch = because 
at this point in time = now 
due to the fact that = because 
in reference to = about 
aware of the fact that = know 
be in a position to/have the ability to = can 

有说服力的:compelling compellent 

on behalf of 

重要的 
imperative 
vital 
central 
chief 
essential 
principal 
critical 
crucial 
focal 
weighty 
of great consequence 
of great magnitute 
of the essence 
sufficient 
adequate 
plenty 
ample 
satisfactory 

巨大 greatness hugeness immensity largeness magnitude massiness vastness 
非常 extraordinary greatly highly in the extreme super 
谦虚 condescension humility 自以为是的 self-righteous smug stuffy 
激进 radicalness 保守的 conservative backward-looking old-fashioned 
Biedermeier 

重要组成:part and parcel of 
follow like sheep 盲从 
complacent 得意 
proper limits for speech or action分寸 
localization
n.地方化, 局限, 定位
presence
n.出席, 到场, 存在
attribute
n.属性
1.survey:reliability, credibility, scientificity, validity are open to 
doubt.调查人是谁?过程?是否randomly/selectively?能否保证调查与他们的利益无
关?他们是否隐瞒信息?保留意见?被调查的对象可能没给回问卷。如果时间不同,地
点不同就不具有代表性。有没有数字statistics?根据?是否有权威性?
2.不同时间,不同地点的对比:
3.以偏概全,以总体概括单位:一般出现在调查中.
4.无理假设?最重要的一点:一般作者都会无理的把结论建立在没有根据的assumption上
?几乎每篇都有,必错无疑5.因果无关:很多表面现象,作者都架设为因果关系. 
6.前因后果:不是前后发生,前边的就是后边的原因。
7.错误类比:
8.药品类,食物类:只要出现就谈三点?是否有人过敏allergic,是否有副作用side 
effects,是否降低人体免疫力immunity。Process物理和化学性质可能改变physical 
and chemical characteristics
9.profit:Without more careful contemplation, it is presumptuous for the 
arguer to judge that the company undoubtedly obtains profit. 出现就必错,1.从
市场market research, market analysis 看,有没有市场调查,外一不受欢迎unpopula
r呢?可能很有竞争力competitor。可能市场饱和saturation。2.从员工employees看:
素质making能否上任,要不要培训training如果要的话要花钱,如果平均salary低,可
能失业率高,而上班的人salary高3.从工厂/公司看,有足够资金fund没有,10.从硬件
看,要不要建新厂房new workshop,涉及到交通问题convenient for transportation,
如果不方面N多麻烦,交的税tax是多少?总之,他要是出来,你就幸运了。
11.此外,多写一些反例,可以凑字数For example, It is highly possible that, 
it is also possible that, it is even possible that.
12.它因:万能。The arguer ignores many other possible elements responsible 
for -----/which also could contribute to
13.如果出现经济增长考虑Some factors are ignored such as Devaluation n.(货币)
贬值and Inflation通货膨胀, ,both of which can result in -=------
Fail to, 
13.无法预知未来N年内的事情:N years is a long-term concept, therefore it’s 
needless to hastily do
14.记住要让步:even if, even though。Were--- true, which is undoubtedly 
unacceptable, other severe deficiencies still exists. Even assuming 
that-----, ------(写作者忽略了什么什么什么)
15.可以先举例,然后说如果是真的就怎么怎么样
17.the arguer uses previous experience, which is highly possible not 
suitable for ---, instead of convincing survey, to illustrate 
that------------. 结尾no one can apply previous experience to nowadays’ 
practice, so does-----.
Does not mean===does not follow that===does not ensure that
Extra==additional
in absence of
in all likelihood
investigate, scrutinize
结尾可以用上Not only does the arguer fail to…, he also fails to…
Fail to specify the percentage of pregnant women who suffer from vitamin 
deficiency.
The argument reiterates its conclusion instead of providing a reason for it.
ambiguous
if so
Without accounting for these possibilities, 没有说明这些可能
Gives insufficient information about why pregnant women have higher vitamin 
requirement than do other groups.

Take for granted
Without -------
Unless-------,
Gratuitous, unwarranted, unacceptable, unreasonable, 
Accept, acknowledge, agree to, 
Draw the conclusion 
Insufficient, sufficient, 
Rely on, base on, depend on,
提供Provide, offer, give, show, furnish
前提Precondition, premise, presupposition, prerequisite
然而However, nevertheless, whereas
减小Decline, diminish, reduce, 
Evidence不可数名词
Rampart壁垒
monopoly垄断, 垄断者, 专利权, 专利事业
Devaluation n.(货币)贬值////Inflation通货膨胀, 
可能性likelihood, possibility, probability
武断的presumptuous, arbitrary
忽视disregard, pass over, overlook, neglect, ignore
Comparability可比性
Deficiencies, flaw, problem, defect
Evidence, proof, substantiation, verification, 
科学性scientific,scientifically
可信度reliability
make sense of
v.搞清...的意思
记录的完整性integrality of the document
还有Moreover, in addition, what is more, furthermore
提到Mention, reveal, point out, talk about
程度Degree, extent, 
不能接受Unacceptable, improper,
情况Situation, complexion
考虑到In view of, with regard to, in consideration of 
忽略Ignore, neglect, disregard, take no notice of, overlook
关键的Pivotal, essential, fundamental, crucial
一些Some, a few, a number of, a quantity of(加单数), a small group of
病人Sick, sufferer, patient
药Medicine, remedy, (pill)
不正确的Gratuitous, unwarranted, 
武断的Presumptuous, arbitrary
结论conclusion, verdict, judgment, decision, opinion
有说服力的Cogent, persuasive, believable, credible, 
数据statistic, data
In defect of, lack of 
switch to切换到;转到, 转变成
adequately
adv.
充分地
Adequate适当的,充足的
Firm conclusion, 
generality一般性
false analogy
购买力purchasing power
地理geographical, geography
可信的
Authentic, believable, believable, credible, creditable
imprecise
adj.不严密的, 不精确的
 
--
                        伤心伤神 
                        伤己伤人 
※ 来源:·饮水思源 bbs.sjtu.edu.cn·[FROM: 211.80.91.55]

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